Quarter wave transformers cannot be used to match complex load impedances to a transmission line. 2. Major advantage of a quarter wave transformer is: A. It gives proper matching B. It gives high gain C. Broader bandwidth D. None of the mentioned Answer: C Clarification: Quarter-wave transformers can be extended to multi section designs in a ...The Quarter Wave Transformer.doc. For example, assuming that vp = c (c = the speed of light in a vacuum), one wavelength at 1 GHz is 30 cm ( = 0.3 m ), while one wavelength at 3 GHz is 10 cm ( = 0.1 m ). As a result, a transmission line length signal at 1GHz only. Thus, a quarter-wave transformer provides a perfect match ( in = 0 ) at one and ...Electrical Engineering questions and answers. Problem 3 (10 points) We have a load of 500 ohms and want to transform the load to 50 ohms using a quarter-wave transformer at 20 GHz. Please answer the following questions assuming that there is no loss through the transmission line. 1) What is the characteristic impedance of the quarter-wave ...Dec 23, 2020 · Introduction: Millimetre wave frequency ranges power dividers and power combiners are widely used in various microwave applications such as antenna feeds, balanced mixers, balanced amplifiers and phase shifters [1]. The most widely known power divider/combiner is the Wilkinson. It uses a resistor between the quarter-wave …Antennas and quarter-wave transformer for line matching 6 Conclusion In this case, the matching between antennas and the In this paper we have don a short description of lines is done through quarter-wave transformer. The 3 D transmission lines theory. Recognizing the importance of this project realized in Sonet software is shown in of S ...The State Quarters Collection is a popular hobby for coin collectors and history buffs alike. It is a great way to collect coins from all fifty states and learn about the history of each state.3/13/2007 The Quarter Wave Transformer 1/7 Jim Stiles The Univ. of Kansas Dept. of EECS The Quarter-Wave Transformer Say the end of a transmission line with characteristic impedance Z 0 is terminated with a resistive (i.e., real) load. Unless RZ L = 0, the resistor is mismatched to the line, and thus some of the incident power will be reflected.Electrical Engineering. Electrical Engineering questions and answers. A load of 100 Ω is to be matched to a transmission line with a characteristic impedance of 50 Ω. Use a quarter-wave transformer. What is the characteristic impedance of the quarterwave transformer?3/28/2006 The Quarter Wave Transformer Yet Again 3/3 Jim Stiles The Univ. of Kansas Dept. of EECS We find that the closer R L (R in) is to characteristic impedance Z 0, the wider the bandwidth of the quarter wavelength transformer. We will find that the bandwidth can be increased by adding multiple λ4 sections! Figure 5.12 (p. 243) Reflection coefficient magnitude versus frequency3.19: Quarter-Wavelength Transmission Line. Quarter-wavelength sections of transmission line play an important role in many systems at radio and optical frequencies. The remarkable properties of open- and short-circuited quarter-wave line are presented in Section 3.16 and should be reviewed before reading further. Quarter wave transformer is used for impedance matching between the patch and transmission line. The patch (P2) length is 0.262 and its width is 0.396. The length and width of transmission line (T2) is 0.25 and 0.033 respectively. The dimension of quarter wave transformer (Q2) is 0.366 and 0.226. The bottom layer is composed of CSRR.At an operating frequency of 5.8 GHZ, use a quarter-wave microstrip transformer to match from a 50-1 source impedance to a 20-22 load. Assume your substrate material is 0.508 mm thick alumina ceramic (Al2O3) which has a relative dielectric constant of 10.0. a) What is the characteristic impedance of the transformer section? b) What is the width ...105. If a quarter-wave transmission line is shorted at one end . a. there is minimum current at the shorted end . b. the line behaves as a parallel-tuned circuit in relation to the generator . c. the line behaves as a series-tuned circuit in relation to the generator . d. there is a minimum voltage at the shorted endA quarter-wave impedance transformer is a useful and simple matching network that is used to match the impedance of a terminating load (Z L) to the characteristic impedance of a feeding transmission-line (Z 0) . It consists of a quarter-wavelength transmission-line, whose input impedance can be easily calculated using the expression. Zin = Z2 0 ...A quarter-wave transformer is a basic example of a multi-section transmission line transformer. The overall reflection coefficient of a multi-section transformer can be given by the following equation, where : The equation shows that any frequency response can be obtained by including multi-sections with proper reflection coefficients. This paper presents the analysis and design of reconfigurable concurrent dual-band quarter-wave transformer using two single pole single throw Micro-Electro-Mechanical Switches. The transformer will behave as concurrent dual-band quarter-wave transmission line at 800 MHz and 1800 MHz, when both the switches are OFF; whereas, when the two …Electrical Engineering questions and answers. Please show complete solutions, thanks! Determine the point nearest to the load, at which a quarter-wave transformer may be inserted to provide correct matching and the Z 0 ' of the transmission line to be used for the transformer: a. Z_L = 100 - j50 and Z_0 = 75 b. Z_L = 250 + j450 and Z_0 = 300.Question: 2. Design a single section quarter wave transformer to impedance match a dipole antenna (Input impedance = Zin = 38 Ohms) to 50 Ohm coax at a frequency of 2.75 GHz. Assume the velocity factor of the quarter wave section is 66%. Determine the: a. transformer characteristic impedance b. length of the transformer in centimeters.It must be understood that a quarter-wave transformer has a length of λ/4 at only one frequency. It is thus highly frequency-dependent, and is in this respect similar to a high-Q tuned circuit. As a matter of fact, the difference between the transmission line transformer and an ordinary tuned transformer is purely one of construction, the ... Stack Exchange network consists of 183 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers.. Visit Stack ExchangePlay this game to review Other. A quarter wave transformer is useful for matching any load impedance to a transmission line.Find the best Si Samrong District hotels on Traveloka. Read reviews, see photos, and compare hotels to get cheap rates. Over 1 million properties worldwide. Book now!In the next example, we added a pair of transformers to reduce the 75 ohm terminations to 50 ohms at each port (61.2 ohm quarter-wave three transformers did the job). This reduces the maximum impedance of the arms, they are now Z1=61.2 and Z2=81.7 ohms (exactly 2/3 what they were before, because we reduced 75 ohms to 50 ohms).A quarter-wave transformer matching a 75 Ω source with a 300 Ω load should have a characteristic impedance of . Q8.Characteristic impedance of a quarter wave transformer connected in between a load of 100 ohm and a transmission line of characteristic impedance 225 ohms is. Q9.A Doherty power amplifier with a quarter-wave impedance transformer achieves power-added efficiency (PAE) of 31 % at back-off power levels of 6–7 dB from the saturated output power of about 43 dBm across the frequency range of 1.5–2.14 GHz . The analysis and design of stacked FET for millimeter wave power amplifiers achieves a …A quarter-wave transformer is connected to a parallel wireline in order to match the line to a load of 1000ohms. The transformer has a characteristic impedance of 316.23ohms. The distance between centers is 4inches. What is the percentage reduction in the diameter of the line? a. 85%. b. 90%.Mar 10, 2012 · The quarter-wave transformers in each leg accomplish this; without the quarter-wave transformers, the combined impedance of the two outputs at port 1 would be Z 0 /2. The characteristic impedance of the …The characteristic impedance of the quarter-wave transformer is calculated as Z 1 = (Z 0 Z L) [1]. This example is to design a single section quarter-wave transformer to match the 100 Ω load to a 50 Ω transmission line at an operating frequency of 2 GHz. The calculated characteristic impedance of the quarter-wave transformer Z 1 is 70. 71 Ω.Quarter-wave stubs. A simple bias tee. Quarter-wave transformers (separate page) Multi-section transformers. Maximally flat transformers (new for November 2008!) Tapered transformers. Constructive interference of two equal VSWRs (featuring more wisdom from Wally!) How to use constructive interference when designing with PIN diodes. Quarter-wave ...The two Quarter-Wave Transformer sections are obviously λ/4 for LMR-400 at 146 MHz, about 17". More on that in a moment. More on that in a moment. For T3-T6 let's assume 24" coiled to make a choke balun at the antenna feedpoint, then 13" to reach the center of the boom, then 35" down (or up) the vertical support member, then 18" (35 minus 17 ...Design a quarter wave transformer to match a load impedance of 25 Ohms at a frequency of 2.4 GHz. Assume a 50 Ohm transmission line with a permittivity of 2.7. a. Neatly sketch the transmission line solution (provide all lengths in m). b. Plot Zin (magnitude and phase) from DC to 5 X the design frequency.Impedance matching. Source and load impedance circuit. In electronics, impedance matching is the practice of designing or adjusting the input impedance or output impedance of an electrical device for a desired value. Often, the desired value is selected to maximize power transfer or minimize signal reflection. The wave 50 to 100 R transformer was chosen for experimental verifica- presented approach may also be used in miniaturised versions of 1684 ELECTRONICS LETTERS 5th December 2002 Vol. 38 No. 25 directional couplers or balanced signal splitters/adders using quarter- wave transmission line sections.Nov 9, 2012 · 2/13/2005 The Quarter Wave Transformer 1/5 Jim Stiles The Univ. of Kansas Dept. of EECS The Quarter-Wave Transformer Say the end of a transmission line with characteristic impedance Z 0 is terminated with a resistive (i.e., real) load. We typically would like all power traveling down the line to be absorbed by the load R L. But ifRZQuarter-wave transformer. (a) Design a single-section quarter-wave matching transformer to match an RL=20Ω load to a line with Z0=80Ω operating at 1.5GHz. (b) Calculate the standing-wave ratio S of the designed circuit at 1.2 and 1.8GHz. Extra part of 3-38: For your quarter-wave matcher you designed for problem 338 , if you were to now ...Fig. 1 below shows a single microstrip patch antenna which consists of patch, quarter- wave transformer and feedline. The impedance of the quarter-wave transformer is given by ... View in full ...Transcribed image text: Q4. A 300-0 feedline is to be connected to a 3-m long, 150-2 line terminated in a 150-resistor. Both lines are lossless and use air as the insulating material, and the operating frequency is 50 MHz. Determine (a) the input impedance of the 3-m long line, (b) the voltage standing-wave ratio on the feedline, and (c) the ...Nov 16, 2018 · The homogeneous quarter-wave transformer has also been used as a prototype circuit in the design of direct-coupled-cavity filters [7]. It has been shown that the performance of single-section quarter-wave transformers can always be improved by going from a homogeneous to an inhomogeneous design [8]. The analysis of inhomogeneous …The influence of temperature on the quarter-wave plate. The quarter-wave plate is affected by the ambient temperature. The phase retardation angle of the quarter-wave plate is [21]. (6) Δ φ = Δ β 0 L 0 C (T − T 0) Where Δ β 0 is the constant propagation difference of the polarization-maintaining fiber in the X-axis and Y-axis direction.Electrical Engineering questions and answers. Problem3 (a) Design a quarter-wave transformer to impedance-match a purely resistive load of resistance RL-40 Ω to a transmission line with characteristic impedance Zo-160 Ω at a frequency of 200MHz. (b) Compute the percentage of the incident power that is reflected from the input terminals of the ...Quarter-Wave Transformers. Theory of Small Reflections. Approximate Theory for Multisection Quarter-Wave. Binomial Transformer. Chebyshev Transformer. …All that said, the design of this antenna, if it works as intended, seems to be using a quarter-wave transformer to transform the high impedance at the end of a half-wavelength radiator into a low impedance at the feedpoint. If we are talking extremes and ideal components: an open circuit (infinite impedance) and a short (0 impedance), then a ...The Wilkinson Power Divider, designed by Ernest Wilkinson in the 1960s, uses quarter wave transformers to split an input signal into two equal phase output signals. Since the design is reciprocal, Wilkinson Power Dividers can also be used as a power combiner. With this flexibility, they are widely used in many RF and microwave communication systems, including those with multiple channels or ...Quarter wave transformer is used for impedance matching between the patch and transmission line. The patch (P2) length is 0.262 and its width is 0.396. The length and width of transmission line (T2) is 0.25 and 0.033 respectively. The dimension of quarter wave transformer (Q2) is 0.366 and 0.226. The bottom layer is composed of CSRR.Electrical Engineering questions and answers. i. c. Determine the characteristic impedance for a quarter-wave transformer that is used to match a section of 50- transmission line to a 70- resistive load. d. A 50 lossless transmission line of 2.152 is terminated in a load impedance Z = 20 + j40 . Use a Smith chart to find the following: Voltage ...This paper proposes a novel design technique of the compact wideband transformer based on the quarter-wave-like transformer (QWLT) theory and the approximate theory of small reflections (ATSR). The ATSR for multi-section QWLTs is applied for analysing characteristics of multi-section QWLTs.A continuously variable quarter-wave transformer (103) including a quarter-wave element (110). The quarter-wave transformer has a characteristic impedance and is at least partially coupled to a fluidic dielectric (108). A controller (136) is provided for controlling a composition processor (101) which is adapted for dynamically changing a composition of the fluidic dielectric (108) to vary the ...Input Impedance, SWR, power Smith Chart Applications Quarter-wave transformer Slotted line Single stub Microstrips Waves moves through line The general solution is In time domain is Similarly for current, I z Characteristic Impedance of a Line, Zo Is the ratio of positively traveling voltage wave to current wave at any point on the line z ...May 22, 2022 · The final element described in Section 3.4.6 is a quarter-wave transformer, a quarter-wavelength long line with a particular characteristic impedance which is used in two ways. It can be used to provide maximum power transfer from a source to a load resistance, and it can invert an impedance, e.g. making a capacitor terminating the line look ... The quarter-wave transformer brings up an interesting question in μ-wave engineering. L Q: Why is there no reflection at z=−A ? It appears that the line is mismatched at both z=0 and z=−A. A: In fact there are reflections at these mismatched interfaces—an infinite number of them! We can use our signal flow graph to determine the propagationA general theory of the n-section quarter-wave transformer is presented. It is shown that optimum bandwidth with a minimum pass band tolerance is obtained when the power loss ratio is chosen to give Tchebycheff behavior in the pass band. A comparison is made of the Tchebycheff transformer and the maximally flat transformer, and shows that the former gives a large increase in bandwidth-e.g., up ...Dec 1, 2022 · The inset-feed and quarter-wave transformer considered in the design are intended to achieve perfect impedance matching between the patch and the feed. Inset feed is achieved by recessing a distance F i from the radiating edge and the value of F i is determined using the equation in [30]. Quarter-wave transformers (QWTs) have been widely employed in microwave and antenna applications. In this letter, a theoretical analysis shows that properly designed conjugately characteristic ...1 Introduction. Impedance transformers are one of critical components or elements used for the design of a variety of microwave and millimetre-wave circuits such as power dividers [], couplers [], amplifiers [], and so on.The quarter-wavelength transmission-line transformer has been widely used, but it can only achieve perfect impedance matching at a single frequency thus suffering from very ...This article offers an introduction to the Smith chart and how it’s used to make transmission-line calculations and fundamental impedance-matching circuits.A 100-MHz FM broadcast station uses a 300-Ω transmission line between the transmitter and a tower-mounted half-wave dipole antenna. The antenna impedance is 73 Ω. You are asked to design a quarter-wave transformer to match the antenna to the line. (a) Determine the electrical length and characteristic impedance of the quarterwave section.Since we only need one-quarter of this length for the cable to support a quarter-wave, the requisite cable length is 4.1738 feet. Here is a schematic diagram for the circuit, showing node numbers for the SPICE analysis we’re about to run: (Figure below) Quarter wave section of 150 Ω transmission line matches 75 Ω source to 300 Ω load. The quarter-wave transformer, Jim Stiles, Department of EECS, University of Kansas 2005. Google Scholar Fundamental Transmission Line Theory and S-Parameters, Omar X. Avelar, Omar de la Mora & Diego I. Romero, march 2010.A 100-MHz FM broadcast station uses a 300-Ω transmission line between the transmitter and a tower-mounted half-wave dipole antenna. The antenna impedance is 73 Ω. You are asked to design a quarter-wave transformer to match the antenna to the line. (a) Determine the electrical length and characteristic impedance of the quarterwave section.Alright, so the next couple of slides are just an overview; this is a quarter wave transformers and if you remember, we can rate Z in that's the impedance looking in terms of the characteristic impedance of the transmission line versus the load. And if we look at the quarter wavelength, can be reduced to and then goes to infinity.At an operating frequency of 5.8 GHZ, use a quarter-wave microstrip transformer to match from a 50-1 source impedance to a 20-22 load. Assume your substrate material is 0.508 mm thick alumina ceramic (Al2O3) which has a relative dielectric constant of 10.0. a) What is the characteristic impedance of the transformer section? b) What is the width ...The use of a standardized impedance makes RF design much more practical and efficient. Most RF systems are built around 50 Ω impedance. Some systems use 75 Ω; this latter value is more appropriate for high-speed digital signals. The quality of an impedance match can be expressed mathematically by the reflection coefficient (Γ).A three-quarter bed measures 48 inches wide by 75 inches long. Three-quarter beds are the intermediate size between a full bed and a twin bed. Both twin and full beds are 75 inches long, but twin beds are 39 inches wide, while full beds are...Apr 4, 2016 · This paper presents the design of a compact, planar, single layer, tri-section ultra-wideband (UWB) branch-line (BL) coupler. The prototype offers 10 dB return loss characteristics from 3.1 to 13.7 GHz.2/13/2005 The Quarter Wave Transformer 1/5 Jim Stiles The Univ. of Kansas Dept. of EECS The Quarter-Wave Transformer Say the end of a transmission line with characteristic impedance Z 0 is terminated with a resistive (i.e., real) load. We typically would like all power traveling down the line to be absorbed by the load R L. But ifRZElectrical Engineering questions and answers. Please show complete solutions, thanks! Determine the point nearest to the load, at which a quarter-wave transformer may be inserted to provide correct matching and the Z 0 ' of the transmission line to be used for the transformer: a. Z_L = 100 - j50 and Z_0 = 75 b. Z_L = 250 + j450 and Z_0 = 300.QUARTER WAVE TRANSFORMER ️About video:- For impedance matching we use quarter wave transformer. For example it matches the impedance of antenna and transmiss...Sep 8, 2015 · (2.1) Quarter wave transformer is the effective method for W = impedance matching of load to the transmission line and wide 2 fr Where W is the width of the patchℇelement, fr is the resonance frequency of the antenna to be designed and is the relative dielectric constant of the substrate.Characteristics of Quarter-Wavelength Lines. The electrical length of 90 degrees - A λ/4 line produces a 90° phase shift from input to output; Impedance transforming - The impedance is transformed based on the line's characteristic impedance Z0 and load impedance ZL according to Zin = Z0^2 / ZL; Maximum power transfer - When Z0 = √(Zin x ZL), the impedance is matched for maximum power transferFeb 24, 2021 · But because the quarter-wave transformer is an impedance-matching device defined for use at a single frequency where its length is a quarter-wavelength of the stimulus signal, the stimulus I will use will be a sine wave. (A quarter wave-length thus represents one-quarter cycle of the sine wave). In steady-state (with a sinusoidal drive), the ... Wave Equations for Transmission Line Impedance and Shunt Admittance of the line . Solution of Wave Equations (cont.) Proposed form of solution: Using: It follows that: Characteristic Impedance of the Line (ohm) So What does V+ and V- Represent? Pay att. To Direction Note that Zo is1. A quarter wave transformer is useful for matching any load impedance to a transmission line. 2. Major advantage of a quarter wave transformer is: 3. If a narrow band impedance match is required, then more multi section transformers must be used. Sanfoundry Certification Contest of the Month is Live. 100+ Subjects.3/13/2007 The Quarter Wave Transformer 1/7 Jim Stiles The Univ. of Kansas Dept. of EECS The Quarter-Wave Transformer Say the end of a transmission line with characteristic impedance Z 0 is terminated with a resistive (i.e., real) load. Unless RZ L = 0, the resistor is mismatched to the line, and thus some of the incident power will be reflected.Question: Use quarter wave transformer to match the load Z_L=100-j50 to the line with Z_0=50 Ohm. You need to use two methods to get a resistive load and then design the characteristic impedance of the quarter wave transmission line. Show transcribed image text. Expert Answer.A compact multiband band-pass filter design for applications of GSM, Wi-MAX and WLAN systems is presented. The design is based on the resonant characteristics of step-impedance and interdigital capacitor resonators with overlap cross coupling structure.Quarter-wavelength sections of transmission line play an important role in many systems at radio and optical frequencies. The remarkable properties of open- and short-circuited quarter-wave line are presented in Section 3.16 and should be reviewed before reading further. In this section, we perform a more general analysis, considering not just ... This problem has been solved! You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. Question: 1. Design a quarter-wave matching transformer to match a 102 load to a 7512 system Assume a design frequency of 200MHz. Demonstrate results and the corresponding calculation step in this area.Figure 1. A quarter-wave transformer prototype terminated in the source resistance rG and load resistance rL, and consisting of n TL sections of electrical length and characteristic impedances Z01;Z02;:::;Z0n ( = ˇ 2 is the passband center). We rst synthesize a Chebyshev quarter-wave transformer prototype whose insertion loss function and ...
A quarter-wave impedance transformer, often written as λ/4 impedance transformer, is a transmission line or waveguide used in electrical engineering of length one-quarter wavelength (λ), terminated with some known impedance. It presents at its input the dual of the impedance with which it is terminated. The … See more. Durisic
In order to appreciate this page, go to our download area and grab a copy of the Professor's transformer Excel spreadsheet. Equal-ripple multi-section quarter-wave transformers use the magic of Chebyshev polynomials to find the best approximation of an ideal transformer, subject to the constraint of how many sections you are willing to use.Abstract— In this paper, design of a Microstrip Line Quarter. Wave Transformer-fed Circular Patch Antenna with. Rectangular Slit is presented.Sep 1, 2016 · Consider a standard two-section BLC model of Fig. 2a, composed of seven quarter-wavelength TLs of Z 1 –Z 3 impedances. Practical figures of merit for microwave couplers with a wideband operation include (i) fractional BW, defined here as symmetrical – with respect to the centre frequency f 0 – intersection of the return loss and isolation that …A quarter-wave impedance transformer, often written as /4 impedance transformer, is a component used in electrical engineering consisting of a length of transmission line or waveguide exactly Using a transmission line as an impedance transformer. one-quarter of a wavelength long and terminated in some known impedance. ...Electrical Engineering questions and answers. Using the quarter-wave transformer matching, what is the impedance of the transformer if there is a 150-ohm load with a 65-ohm signal source at a frequency of 50Mhz and velocity factor of 0.85?Feb 12, 2016 · However at a given frequency, when a correctly designed quarter wave line is inserted with the correct impedance, the output impedance will appear to the input as perfectly matched. In your case, the transformer will make the \$20\Omega\$ impedance appear as if it is a \$100\Omega\$ impedance meaning no mismatch.Question: 4. Design a quarterwave transformer to match a load impedance Z. = 200 Ohm to a 50 Ohm transmission line. Determine the length and the characteristic impedance of the transformer transmission line section. Assume the frequency is 2.4 GHz.If a quarter wave transformer is used to match a load of 3Z0to a transmission line with characteristic impedance of Z0 at the frequency fo, calculate the characteristic impedance of the transformer. Calculate the frequency range (should be around fo) within which the magnitude of the reflection coefficient on the Zo line is less than 1/3.Lec 12: Impedance Matching Using Shunt Stub, Double Stub and Quarter wave Transformer: Download Verified; 13: Lec 13: Multisection Matching Networks and …A Quarter Wave Transformer Calculator is a specialized tool used in electrical engineering and RF (radio frequency) design to calculate the necessary parameters for designing a quarter-wave transmission line transformer. Quarter-wave transformers are crucial components in RF systems for impedance matching, allowing signals to efficiently pass ... Impedance matching techniques:When the transmission line is terminated with a load impedance which is not equal to the characteristic impedance of the line, ...In the next example, we added a pair of transformers to reduce the 75 ohm terminations to 50 ohms at each port (61.2 ohm quarter-wave three transformers did the job). This reduces the maximum impedance of the arms, they are now Z1=61.2 and Z2=81.7 ohms (exactly 2/3 what they were before, because we reduced 75 ohms to 50 ohms).Mar 2, 2017 · The antenna consists of a 3-D implementation of a half-wave dipole printed on the top layer of a substrate and fed through an inclined grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW) balun that is matched to the 50 ohm feed line using a GCPW quarter-wave transformer, as shown in Fig. 1. The antenna is shielded usingAt an operating frequency of 5.8 GHZ, use a quarter-wave microstrip transformer to match from a 50-1 source impedance to a 20-22 load. Assume your substrate material is 0.508 mm thick alumina ceramic (Al2O3) which has a relative dielectric constant of 10.0. a) What is the characteristic impedance of the transformer section? b) What is the width ...A circuit for processing radio frequency signals. The circuit includes a substrate where the circuit can be placed. The substrate can be a meta material and can incorporate at least one dielectric layer. A quarter-wave transformer and at least one ground can be coupled to the substrate. The dielectric layer can include a first region with a first set of substrate properties and a second region ....
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